there is a depends here. Like someone else said there is the New Zealand penal colony, but it’s also alluded to that a lot of criminality stems from things they have been able to treat or eliminate.
Poverty as an example is a huge driver of crime and criminal activity. Even today we have enough research to show as an area rises from poverty and people have their needs met without worry crime falls.
They apparently Identified a lot of mental disorders that lead to criminal activity and they all could be treated. The thing that scares me on this path with that future is do they basically pave the brains of the neurospicy because they think they are suffering and abnormal or do they honestly embrace it.
When you get into other species like the Klingons, there is no rehab. You repent through death mining in harsh conditions or building in places with little to no atmosphere.
Starts playing Erika